Tag: Signal transmission
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How Signal Processing Circuits are protected from high currents & voltages
Protection against high currents and voltages is a very important requirement for signal processing circuits. A high current can be protected against by the incorporation in the input line of a series resistor to limit the amount of current flowing … Read more
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How RS-232, RS-422 and RS-485 Networks are applied in Instrumentation
RS-232 Presently, this standard is known as TIA-232C. These are point-to-point networks with a purpose of connecting only two devices. The signaling is single-ended (unbalanced) which implies that the respective voltage pulses are referenced to a common ground conductor and … Read more
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Basic Features of Foundation Fieldbus (FF)
Foundation fieldbus (FF) and Profibus are the two most universal serial data bus formats that are used for interfacing between the central processor and smart devices in the process control system. The Foundation Fieldbus is mainly used in U.S. while … Read more
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4-20 mA Transmitters (2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire Types)
Background of 4-20 mA Signal Transmission Initially signal transmission was dominated by pneumatics before the advent of 4-20 mA signal standard. The standard was 3-15 psi pneumatic signal where the 3 psi was the ‘live zero’ and 15 psi represented … Read more