The function of the manipulating device is to influence the process variable. Its main purpose is to regulate a mass…
Analog signals pass continuously through a full range of values for example a measuring device converts the process variable (PV),…
When steam-heated reboilers are used in distillation columns and the heating medium is steam, a flow control loop for the…
Let’s consider the figure below: Figure 1.0 Typical single-fuel cross-limited combustion control system In the system above, the output of…
Let’s consider the industrial process control system shown below: Figure 1.1 Industrial Process Temperature Control System The requirement is to…
Let’s assume we are measuring flow by differential-creating primary device for example an orifice plate and a DP cell as…
A steam generator is an item of plant equipment that is found in almost every manufacturing site, and its output…
The figure below shows a typical basic furnace used to raise the temperature of a heat-transfer medium that is used…
An analog controller typically employs op-amps to provide the necessary gain and signal processing. Let’s consider the flow control system…
A typical electric solenoid actuator consists of a coil, armature, spring, and stem. This is illustrated in the figure below:…
