Tag: measurement and control
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Standard Process Signals for Industrial Instrumentation
Industrial measurement and control processes employ standard process signals that are used throughout all the industries. For instance, one of the most popular forms of signal transmission in modern industrial instrumentation systems is the 4-20 mA DC standard. The … Read more
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How the Wiegand Effect is used in Sensing Instruments
The Concept behind Wiegand Effect Based Sensors The Wiegand effect technology employs the unique magnetic properties of specially processed, small-diameter ferromagnetic wire. By causing the magnetic field of this wire to abruptly reverse, a sharp, uniform voltage is generated. … Read more
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The USB-6009 Data Acquisition Card Features
The USB-6009 is a small external data acquisition and control device manufactured by National Instruments that is normally connected to a computer through a USB port. It is used in applications such as simple data logging, academic lab experiments and … Read more
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Single-Ended vs. Differential Amplifiers
Most often than not, the signal from the sensor in a measurement and control or monitoring system is very small (one millivolt or less) and a key step in signal conditioning is amplification. Therefore, the sensor is often connected to … Read more
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Causes of Ground Loops in Instrumentation & How to Avoid Them
Causes of Ground Loops In Instrumentation We may have situations in instrumentation and control systems, where the sensor and the signal conditioning unit such as an amplifier or current-to-voltage converter are located some distance apart and are connected by a … Read more
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Passive vs. Active Sensors
Sensors are normally used to convert physical variables like pressure to signal variables. Sensors are also often termed to as transducers since they are devices that convert input energy of one form into output energy of another form. Sensors can … Read more
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Features & Configuration of a Smart Pressure Transmitter
Smart/Intelligent pressure transmitters are microprocessor-based, and they provide additional functional capabilities beyond their basic role of just sensing and representing a process variable; for example they provide computing, diagnostics, and networking capabilities . We shall consider a capacitive sensing … Read more
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How Signal Processing Circuits are protected from high currents & voltages
Protection against high currents and voltages is a very important requirement for signal processing circuits. A high current can be protected against by the incorporation in the input line of a series resistor to limit the amount of current flowing … Read more