Tag: instrumentation
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Pneumatic System Components: Types & Functions
A pneumatic system utilizes air pressure to create mechanical motion. A basic pneumatic system consists of an intake filter that traps dirt before it enters the system, an air compressor that provides a source of compressed air, a dryer that … Read more
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Pressure Regulators: Function & Types
The main function of any gas pressure regulator is to match the flow of gas through the regulator to the demand for gas placed upon the system while maintaining the system pressure within certain acceptable limits. Generally, regulators are simpler … Read more
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Instrument Installation – Cabling Guidelines
Instrument installation with the associated cable installation/electrical signal and control wiring should be carried out by skilled personnel who are acquainted with the safety requirements and regulations for the plant site for that specific project. Generally instrument cabling is usually … Read more
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Instrument Installation – Mounting & Accessibility Guidelines
Before we look at the instrument installation – mounting and accessibility guidelines, it is important to ensure that installation is carried out using the best engineering practices by skilled professionals in Instrumentation and Control, Electrical, Industrial Automation, etc. These professionals … Read more
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PLC Instruction Set
An Overview of PLC Instructions Types There are various types of instructions that are available in a PLC. The instruction set will vary depending on the brand and type of processor you are working with. For example, the classic Allen-Bradley … Read more
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Demand Mode vs. Continuous Mode Safety Function
Demand Mode Safety Function Demand mode safety function is where a specified action is taken in response to process conditions or other demands. In the event of a dangerous failure of the SIF, a potential hazard only occurs in … Read more
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How to Calibrate an AC Ammeter & an AC Voltmeter
An instrument calibration is performed by comparing its reading with that of a more accurate instrument when both instruments are measuring the same quantity. In this case, the more accurate instrument is employed as a standard for comparison purposes. To … Read more
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The IEEE-488 Instrumentation Bus (GPIB)
A bus in computer systems means a collection of unbroken signal lines that interconnect computer modules; these connections are usually made by taps on the lines. Examples of parallel bus architectures and protocols include: IBM PC bus (IBM PC/XT/AT), the … Read more
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What are Virtual Instruments?
Virtual instruments (VI) are instruments based on computer software whose controls and displays are presented on a computer screen and whose operation and settings are controlled by the keyboard and mouse. Instead of purchasing a number of expensive, dedicated, standalone … Read more
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Instrument Piping Systems Installation Guidelines
The right installation ensures the long term instrument system reliability. In this article we look at the general guidelines for the installation of instrument piping systems. Piping Systems/Tubing Runs Before we can proceed, it is important to state the difference … Read more