An actuator is normally controlled by the controller. The actuator, in turn, changes the output of an automated process. The…
Servo motors are typically employed in closed-loop position control; for example let us consider the following application, where the angular…
We would like to design a system to measure and display the rotational speed of a shaft. To accomplish this,…
Analog signals pass continuously through a full range of values for example a measuring device converts the process variable (PV),…
This is a variable-reluctance transducer used to detect small motions, giving output signals as low as 0.01° of changes in…
When steam-heated reboilers are used in distillation columns and the heating medium is steam, a flow control loop for the…
Let’s consider the figure below: Figure 1.0 Typical single-fuel cross-limited combustion control system In the system above, the output of…
Let’s consider the industrial process control system shown below: Figure 1.1 Industrial Process Temperature Control System The requirement is to…
Let’s assume we are measuring flow by differential-creating primary device for example an orifice plate and a DP cell as…
A steam generator is an item of plant equipment that is found in almost every manufacturing site, and its output…
