Tag: instrumentation
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How to Size a Control Valve
Pneumatic control valve Control valve sizing refers to the procedure determining the correct size of a valve body. A valve sizing equation for incompressible fluids is given by: Which is the same as: Where Cv is the valve flow … Read more
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Process Control System Design for a Distillation Unit
The aim of a typical control system is to force a given set of process variables to act in some desired and prescribed way by either fulfilling some requirements of the time or frequency domain or achieving the best performances … Read more
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Standard Process Signals for Industrial Instrumentation
Industrial measurement and control processes employ standard process signals that are used throughout all the industries. For instance, one of the most popular forms of signal transmission in modern industrial instrumentation systems is the 4-20 mA DC standard. The … Read more
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Magneto-Optic Current Sensors for High Voltage, High Power Transmission Lines
One of the key challenges in measuring the electrical current in high voltage, high power transmission lines, is that of measurement circuit isolation. One way of measuring heavy 60 Hz currents in a conductor is through the use of a … Read more
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How the Wiegand Effect is used in Sensing Instruments
The Concept behind Wiegand Effect Based Sensors The Wiegand effect technology employs the unique magnetic properties of specially processed, small-diameter ferromagnetic wire. By causing the magnetic field of this wire to abruptly reverse, a sharp, uniform voltage is generated. … Read more
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Piezoelectric Accelerometer: Principle of Operation & Applications
An accelerometer is a sensor that is designed to measure acceleration or rate of change of speed due to motion, vibration e.g. from rotating equipment and impact events such as the deployment of an automobile airbag. Accelerometers are usually mechanically … Read more
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The USB-6009 Data Acquisition Card Features
The USB-6009 is a small external data acquisition and control device manufactured by National Instruments that is normally connected to a computer through a USB port. It is used in applications such as simple data logging, academic lab experiments and … Read more
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Microwave Spectroscopy: Features, Types & Applications
Microwave Spectroscopy The section of the electromagnetic spectrum extending approximately from 1 mm (300,000 MHz) to 30 cm (1000 MHz) is referred to as the microwave region. Spectroscopic applications of microwaves consist of almost exclusively of absorption work in gaseous … Read more
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XPS and Corrosion Resistance: Unveiling New Perspectives on Metal Durability
Corrosion is an age-old problem that continues to challenge industries relying on metal components, from automotive to aerospace, construction to consumer electronics. The degradation of metals not only leads to significant economic losses but also poses safety risks in critical … Read more
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Steam Sampling for Conductivity: Instrumentation Structure
Sampling Systems The Purpose of Sampling Systems The objective of a sampling system is to obtain a truly sample of the solid, liquid or gas to be analyzed, at an adequate and steady rate, and transport it without change to … Read more