A smart sensor is the integration of a sensor with an analogue to digital converter (ADC), a processor and digital…
Most modern PID controllers have the following features: Manual versus automatic modeOutput trackingSetpoint trackingAlarm capabilitiesProcess variable (PV) characterization and dampingSetpoint…
Electromechanical relay (EMR) is a device that uses an electromagnet to provide the force to close or open switch contacts…
Switchgear can be defined as equipment used for controlling, regulating and switching ON and OFF power circuits. Switchgear units range…
Digital PID controllers have replaced most pneumatic and electronic analog controllers in industrial control applications. Digital PID controllers are preferred…
Process and Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs), also called Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams and Loop diagrams are construction and documentation drawings that…
In some processes, it is a common requirement for two flows to be kept in precise ratio to each other…
The reed like contacts of a reed relay are encapsulated in a small sealed glass tube that is evacuated or…
Feedforward control is based on principle of pre-emptive load counter-action i.e. if all major loads (i.e. disturbances) on a process…
We know very well that closed loop control provides increased performance over open loop control. So it would be rational…
