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Discrete Sensor Outputs
Basically sensor outputs can be categorized into two types: discrete also referred to discrete or logic and proportional also called analog. Discrete sensors supply a single logical output (1 or 0) e.g. a flow switch used … Read more
NAMUR NE 107 is a standard adhered to by manufacturers during the design and fabrication of instruments. NAMUR NE 107 provides status signals that communicate clear messages and remedies. These status signals or diagnostic codes are categorized into four standard … Read more
Basic Features of a Positioner
Pneumatically operated valves depend on a positioner to take an input signal from the process controller and convert it to valve travel. In other words, a positioner is a motion control device made to actively … Read more
The input/output modules act as the signal interface between the monitoring sensors and actuators, and the controller. Additional they provide electrical isolation, if needed, to convert the input signals into an electronic format appropriate for evaluation by the … Read more
A bus in computer systems means a collection of unbroken signal lines that interconnect computer modules; these connections are usually made by taps on the lines. Examples of parallel bus architectures and protocols include: IBM PC bus (IBM PC/XT/AT), the … Read more
What are Programmable Automation Controllers?
Programmable automation controllers (PACs) are process controllers with an open configuration and possessing the enterprise integration power of a PC-based structure. In other words, PACs are industrial controllers that combine the functionality of a programmable … Read more
Edge computing can be defined as a distributed computing framework that brings enterprise applications closer to data sources like local edge servers. In manufacturing, edge computing offers an effective processing and storage choice since intensive data handling and storage can … Read more
Option 1: With a Toggle Switch
Let’s consider a simple three-phase, 480V AC motor control circuit consisting of a contactor, overload block, control power transformer, power fuses or (you may use circuit breakers) and the associated components as illustrated … Read more
A cascade control system typically consists of a primary or master controller that generates a control function that serves as the setpoint for a secondary or slave controller. That controller in turn utilizes the actuator to apply its control function … Read more
Internally a PLC typically operates at 5 V dc. The external devices such as solenoids, limit switches, motor starters, etc. operate at voltages up to 110 V ac. The mixing of these voltages will cause irreparable damage to the PLC … Read more