Tag: Industrial automation
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How X-Y Tables are used in Position Control Applications
X-Y tables are utilized as components in many systems where reprogrammable position control is desired. The X-Y table is two servo-controlled linear actuators (often servomotors and ball screws) with their linear axes perpendicular to each other. Fig: X-Y table, … Read more
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Techniques used in Stopping DC Motors
Stopping of a motor is actually a form of speed control. Methods used to stop DC motors are in a way similar to speed control techniques. To stop a motor, you must accelerate in the direction opposite to that in … Read more
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Vision Sensors: Features, Concepts & Applications in Manufacturing
Vision Sensors A vision sensor is basically a TV camera connected to a computer, usually a PC. Special vision software analyzes the video image and makes specific recommendation to the work area. Vision systems require computing power to process thousands … Read more
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How Cascade Control System Enhances Dynamic Response to Load Changes
The major limitation of a conventional feedback control system is that the correction for disturbances does not start until the process output deviates from the setpoint. Feedforward control provides big improvements in processes with large time constraints or time delays. … Read more
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Basic Facts about 4-20 mA current loop in Process Instrumentation
The 4-20 mA current loop, like the one shown in the diagram below is a typical way of transmitting sensor information in most of industrial process monitoring applications. Figure 1.0: typical components used in a loop powered application. A sensor… Read more
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Single-Phase & Three-Phase Inverters: Function and Operation
What is the Purpose of Inverters? Whereas dc machines are controlled by varying the voltage and current, ac machines are often controlled by varying the voltage and frequency. One way of accomplishing this is by using inverters. The process of … Read more
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Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) – Structure, Operation & Applications
IGBT is a voltage controlled device. It has high input impedance like a MOSFET and low on-state conduction losses like a BJT. In other words, this power device combines the voltage control of the MOSFET gate with the superior … Read more
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Telemetry in Instrumentation Systems
Telemetry can be defined as the science of gathering information at some remote location and transmitting the data to a convenient location to be examined and recorded. Importance of Telemetry Within instrumentation there is usually a requirement for telemetry in … Read more
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Optothyristors: Features & Principle of Operation
Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs), Triacs and other solid-state devices used for switching larger voltages and currents ON and OFF are referred to as thyristors. Thyristors control switching in an ON-OFF way, in the same way to a light … Read more
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PFDs vs. P&IDs
Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) defines the major elements of the process schematically i.e. the interconnections of process vessels, pipes and flow paths of process fluids. On the other hand, Piping and Instrument Diagrams (P&IDs) shows the layout of all relevant … Read more