Tag: Communication systems
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Fundamental Communication & Networking Terminology
To be able to choose the right network technology, it is essential to understand some key terminology so that the features and capabilities of various networks and technologies can be categorized and compared. Some of the basic communication and networking terminology includes: Station A station represents a single communication element on a network system. Each…
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Microwave Passive Components: Types & Functions
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum referred to as the microwave region loosely includes 1-300 GHz for practical purposes. These microwave bands are especially advantageous for transmission services such as satellite transmission, telephone transmission, broadcasting of commercial radio & television, and oil platform transmission. Some of the key advantages of microwaves are that the energy…
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Frequency Synthesizer – Features, Operation & Applications
Frequency synthesis is a technique of producing a range of frequencies with crystal-controlled stability. A frequency synthesizer uses phase-locked loop (PLL) to generate output frequencies over a wide range. The typical range is from 1 MHz to 160 MHz. As illustrated in the block diagram above, the key components of the frequency synthesizer are: The…
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Open Systems Interconnection Communication (OSI) Model
Developed by the ISO (International Organization for Standards) in 1983, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model divides communication functions into seven-layer standard protocol system. The OSI model is a framework for developing a coordinated system of standards. The seven layers are described as follows: 1 Physical Layer This layer describes the means for bit…
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Applications of Filters in Telecommunication Systems
Electronic filters have many applications in the telecommunication and data communications industry. For example, they are used in a multichannel communication system employing a technique known as time-division multiplexing (TDM). In this system, several channels are transmitted through a medium such as optical fiber or through a co-axial cable or waveguide. Multiplexing means combining several…
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General Principles of Radio Broadcasting, Transmission and Reception
Radio communication is the radiation of radio waves by the transmitting station, the propagation of these waves through the space and their reception by the radio receiver. The figure above shows the general principles of radio broadcasting, transmission and reception. We can divide the entire arrangement into 3 major sections, namely: Transmitter This equipment is…
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Introduction to Radio Broadcasting, Transmission and Reception
In radio transmission, it is necessary to send audio signal e.g. music, speech, etc. from a broadcasting station over great distances to a receiver. This communication of audio signal does not employ any wire and is sometimes called wireless. The audio signal cannot be sent directly over the air for appreciable distance. Even if we…
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Components that make up a RF Communication System
Communication is the process of transferring information from one place to another. The information that is generated at the source is transferred to the receiver through communication channel. From the diagram above, on the source side, there is a transmitter device that makes the input electrical information suitable for efficient transmission over a given channel.…