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  • Proportional Control Systems

    The control mode In the proportional control mode, the final control element is throttled to various positions that are dependent on the process systems conditions. The controller operates within a band that is between the 0 % output point and the 100 % output point and where the output of the controller is proportional to…

  • Modes of Automatic Control

    The mode of control can be defined as the way or manner in which a control system makes corrections relative to an error that exists between the desired value (setpoint) of a controlled variable and its actual value. Any particular mode of control used for a specific application depends on the characteristic of the process…

  • Process Time Lags and Stability of Automatic Control Systems

    Processes have the characteristics of delaying and retarding changes in the values of the process variables. Process time lags generally describe these process delays and retardations. Process time lags are caused by three properties of the process. They include: Capacitance Resistance Transportation time Capacitance is the ability of a process to store energy. This energy-storing…