Tag: Analogue electronics
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Zener Diode and Emitter-Follower/Series Voltage Regulators
Almost all electronic devices and circuits need a dc source of power for their operation. While batteries and dry cells can be used as a form of dc power supply, their voltages are usually low and they require frequent replacement; … Read more
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Gunn Diode – Features, Operation & Applications
Features of a Gunn Diode A gunn diode is made up of only N-type semiconductor which is typically sandwiched between two metal conductors. The central section is usually lightly doped N– surrounded by heavily doped N+ layers. The … Read more
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Voltage Doubler Circuit Operation
A voltage multiplier is a specialized rectifier circuit capable of producing dc output voltage which is theoretically an integer times the AC peak input, for instance, it is possible to get 200 VDC from a 100 Vpeak AC source … Read more
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Clamper Circuits – Features & Applications
A clamper circuit or dc restorer is used to clamp a peak of a waveform to a specific DC level compared with a capacitive coupled signal which swings about its average DC level (normally 0 V). If the diode is … Read more
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Clipper Circuits – Features & Applications
A clipper also referred to as a limiter is a circuit which removes the peak of a waveform. A clipper consists of diodes, resistors and sometimes DC sources to clip or limit the output to a certain level. The input-output … Read more
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PIN Diode – Features & Applications
PIN diode is characterized by fast low capacitance switching. A PIN diode is fabricated in a similar fashion to a silicon switching diode with an intrinsic region added between the PN junction layers. This generates a thicker depletion region, the … Read more
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Diode & Filter Applications in Amplitude Modulation (AM) Detection Circuits
The operation of a typical AM audio frequency signal is illustrated in the Figure 1.0 where vin is the modulated signal that is shown Figure 1.1. Figure 1.0 AM detector circuit A typical amplitude modulated signal that is fed … Read more
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Unijunction Transistor Features and Operation
The unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three terminal, single-junction device which exhibits negative resistance and switching characteristics totally unlike those of conventional bipolar transistors. The UJT consists of a bar of n-type having ohmic contacts designated Base 1 (B… Read more
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The Varactor Diode
The varactor also termed to as varicap, is a diode that behaves like a variable capacitor, with the PN junction working like the dielectric and plates of a common capacitor. Because of this, the symbol of the varactor is … Read more
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DC Motor Power Op-amp Speed Controller
Let’s consider the functional diagram below: Figure 1 DC motor power op-amp speed controller functional diagram The D/A converter outputs a voltage directly related to the potentiometer position. However, the D/A converter’s output current is limited and not enough to … Read more