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  • Analog vs. Digital Controllers

    Analog signals pass continuously through a full range of values for example a measuring device converts the process variable (PV), say temperature, into a signal corresponding to this temperature. Each temperature value corresponds to a value of the electrical signal. Digital signals belong to the group of discrete signals; here the individual signals are represented…

  • Analog Proportional Controller

    An analog controller typically employs op-amps to provide the necessary gain and signal processing. Let’s consider the flow control system below: In the system above, the controller’s function is to maintain the flow of a liquid through a pipe at 6 gallons/minute.   This system consists of: The flow valve is operated with a signal…