Electrical and Control Systems

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Category: Power Systems

  • Data Acquisition and Telemetering in Power Systems

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    John Mulindi
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    To be able to manage and control a power system, the network engineer requires reliable and current information about the state of the network. He obtains this information from power flows, bus voltages, frequency and load levels along with the position of circuit breakers and isolators, the source of these data being in the power…

  • Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition in Power Systems

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    John Mulindi
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    The term supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) refers to the network of computer processors that provide control and monitoring of remote electrical or mechanical operation e.g. management of power distribution grid or the control of mechanical processes in a manufacturing plant. Typical the old SCADA systems would encompass computers and network links that manage…

  • A Detailed Note on the Benefits and Working of Automatic Voltage Controllers

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    John Mulindi
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    Automatic voltage Controllers hold a regular voltage level to electrical tools loads that require a steady, dependable voltage supply. With a range of voltage regulation equipment to select from, it can be difficult to pick the excellent one for your tool loads. It is indispensable to be aware of what to look for in an…

  • Types of Busbar Arrangements in Grid Stations and Substations

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    John Mulindi
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    The arrangement and connection of incoming and outgoing feeders in grid stations and substations and the number of busbars have a significant influence on the supply reliability of the power system. Grid stations and substations, and the topology of the power systems must be designed in a similar way and must therefore be included in…

  • Key Factors to Consider In Substation Design

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    John Mulindi
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    Substations are the points in the power network where transmission lines and distribution feeders are connected together through circuit breakers or switches via busbars and transformers. This permits the control of power flows in the network and the normal switching operations for maintenance purposes. We discuss the key factors to consider when designing substations as…

  • Types of Insulators used in Power Systems

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    John Mulindi
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    We have various types of overhead line and substation insulators. Generally they can be classified as: Post Insulators The post insulators comprise of pedestal posts and solid core cylindrical types. Pedestal post insulators The pedestal post insulator stacks employed in substations are available as single units with a range of lighting impulses withstand ratings (LIW)…

  • How Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI) is used as a Safety Device

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    John Mulindi
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    The function of a ground fault interrupter (GFI) is to disconnect the power if a current leakage to ground is detected. GFI is also termed to as Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI). We have two types of ground fault interrupters: those designed for life protection and those designed for equipment protection. GFI used for life…

  • Single-phase and Three-phase Power Systems

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    John Mulindi
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    Single-phase Power System To help us understand single-phase power system, consider the sine wave shown in figure 1(a) below of a 120 Vac single-phase power connected to a plug. We know very well that, voltage is the difference in potential between two points. Therefore the sine wave in figure 1(a) shows only the voltage difference…

  • Surge Suppression in Power Systems

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    John Mulindi
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    Causes of Power Surges Transient overvoltages in power systems may arise from a number of sources. Power disturbances resulting from lightning strikes or switching operations on transmission and distribution lines. The switching of power factor correction capacitors for voltage control is the main cause of switching transients. All utility lines are designed to certain basic…

  • Switchgear Equipment

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    John Mulindi
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    Switchgear can be defined as equipment used for controlling, regulating and switching ON and OFF power circuits. Switchgear units range from the small moulded-case unit circuit breakers in a household panel board to the huge, air break switches on 750 kV transmission lines. Switchgear equipment is generally divided into four groups, namely: Disconnect/Isolator Switches Disconnect…