Almost all electronic devices and circuits need a dc source of power for their operation. While batteries and dry cells…
Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs) defines the major elements of the process schematically i.e. the interconnections of process vessels, pipes and…
There are various technologies that are available that help plant automation personnel to obtain diagnostic data which inform the type…
An often utilized technique of indirectly measuring a liquid level is to measure the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of…
The megohmmeter or megger is a portable deflection instrument widely used to check the insulation resistance of electrical cables and…
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum referred to as the microwave region loosely includes 1-300 GHz for practical purposes. These…
Introduction The knowledge of how to design low noise instrumentation systems is an essential skill that any practicing instrumentation engineer…
Optimal control is whereby the requirements are formulated as either the minimization of a cost index or the maximization of…
As the name suggests these sensors employs fiber optics technology to function. A fiber optic sensor generally guides light to…
The increasing requirement to demonstrate the integrity and reliability of engineering materials, products and plant has contributed immensely to the…
