Smart/Intelligent pressure transmitters are microprocessor-based, and they provide additional functional capabilities beyond their basic role of just sensing and representing…
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communication protocol developed primarily for applications in the automotive industry. It is also…
The arrangement and connection of incoming and outgoing feeders in grid stations and substations and the number of busbars have…
Substations are the points in the power network where transmission lines and distribution feeders are connected together through circuit breakers…
Foundation fieldbus (FF) is an all-digital, serial, two-way communication system for industrial applications. Foundation fieldbus specifications include two different configurations:…
Topology is an important property of fieldbus. It is employed in the selection and definition of the best and suitable…
FM receivers employ heterodyne principle. The FM broadcast signals lie in the frequency range between 88 MHz and 108 MHz.…
Fieldbus can be defined as a digital, serial, multidrop, data bus for communication with industrial control and instrumentation devices such…
We have various types of overhead line and substation insulators. Generally they can be classified as: Post insulators Cap and…
Consider the circuit below: Figure 1(a) thermocouple signal amplifying circuit From the figure above, the sensing junction and reference junction…
