Photovoltaic panels differ in their ability to connect components. Photovoltaic cells can be combined in two ways: parallel and series.…
Water is one of the most common contaminants in instrument air systems, causing corrosion of metal components and as a…
A computer is often used as part of a control system. The input data is typically from the operator’s commands…
The ladder diagram which is a special type of wiring diagram consists of two power rails, which are placed vertically…
While power cables are what we can refer to the “arteries” of industry, control and instrumentation cables are its “nerves”…
Robust control is normally used to handle systems with uncertainties & disturbances and with high performances. The objective of robust…
An electronic instrument is made up of the following key elements: Transducer Signal modifier Indicating device Fig: Elements of an…
One of the objectives of a control system is to achieve good plant performance in the face of uncertainty. The…
Let’s consider the transformer in Figure 1.0 whose secondary winding can be rotated with the respect to the primary winding.…
Centralised control is usually carried out via computer software, having as inputs all the available sensors and producing signals for…
