What are Virtual Instruments?

1 year ago

Virtual instruments (VI) are instruments based on computer software whose controls and displays are presented on a computer screen and…

Instrument Piping Systems Installation Guidelines

1 year ago

The right installation ensures the long term instrument system reliability. In this article we look at the general guidelines for…

4 Common Arrangements of Distribution Substations

1 year ago

The general technique of supplying large quantity of power to factories or other complexes is by means of high-voltage (HV)…

AC Transmission and Distribution Systems

1 year ago

Electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of AC. Since, alternating voltage can be changed in magnitude…

What is the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)?

1 year ago

The safety instrumented function (SIF) is used to monitor a selected process parameter and takes an executive action to make…

Gunn Diode – Features, Operation & Applications

1 year ago

Features of a Gunn Diode A gunn diode is made up of only N-type semiconductor which is typically sandwiched between…

What is Calibration of the Sensor?

1 year ago

Calibration of the sensor is the relationship between the physical measurement variable input and the signal variable output for that…

How HAZOP Technique is used to identify Hazards in a Process

1 year ago

In functional safety, hazards are events which have the potential to cause harm such as personal injury, damage to the…

Safety Function in a Machine Control System

1 year ago

A safety function is executed by the safety-related parts of the machine control system to achieve or maintain the equipment…

What is Safety Related Control System (SRCS)?

1 year ago

This is part of the control system of a machine that prevents a hazardous condition from occurring. It can be…