Demand Mode vs. Continuous Mode Safety Function

10 months ago

Demand Mode Safety Function Demand mode safety function is where a specified action is taken in response to process conditions…

Input & Output Modules of a PLC – Types & Applications

10 months ago

The input/output modules act as the signal interface between the monitoring sensors and actuators, and the controller. Additional they provide…

How to Calibrate an AC Ammeter & an AC Voltmeter

10 months ago

An instrument calibration is performed by comparing its reading with that of a more accurate instrument when both instruments are…

The IEEE-488 Instrumentation Bus (GPIB)

10 months ago

A bus in computer systems means a collection of unbroken signal lines that interconnect computer modules; these connections are usually…

What are Virtual Instruments?

10 months ago

Virtual instruments (VI) are instruments based on computer software whose controls and displays are presented on a computer screen and…

Instrument Piping Systems Installation Guidelines

10 months ago

The right installation ensures the long term instrument system reliability. In this article we look at the general guidelines for…

4 Common Arrangements of Distribution Substations

10 months ago

The general technique of supplying large quantity of power to factories or other complexes is by means of high-voltage (HV)…

AC Transmission and Distribution Systems

10 months ago

Electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of AC. Since, alternating voltage can be changed in magnitude…

What is the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)?

10 months ago

The safety instrumented function (SIF) is used to monitor a selected process parameter and takes an executive action to make…

Gunn Diode – Features, Operation & Applications

10 months ago

Features of a Gunn Diode A gunn diode is made up of only N-type semiconductor which is typically sandwiched between…