Input & Output Modules of a PLC – Types & Applications

8 months ago

The input/output modules act as the signal interface between the monitoring sensors and actuators, and the controller. Additional they provide…

How to Calibrate an AC Ammeter & an AC Voltmeter

9 months ago

An instrument calibration is performed by comparing its reading with that of a more accurate instrument when both instruments are…

The IEEE-488 Instrumentation Bus (GPIB)

9 months ago

A bus in computer systems means a collection of unbroken signal lines that interconnect computer modules; these connections are usually…

What are Virtual Instruments?

9 months ago

Virtual instruments (VI) are instruments based on computer software whose controls and displays are presented on a computer screen and…

Instrument Piping Systems Installation Guidelines

9 months ago

The right installation ensures the long term instrument system reliability. In this article we look at the general guidelines for…

4 Common Arrangements of Distribution Substations

9 months ago

The general technique of supplying large quantity of power to factories or other complexes is by means of high-voltage (HV)…

AC Transmission and Distribution Systems

9 months ago

Electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of AC. Since, alternating voltage can be changed in magnitude…

What is the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)?

9 months ago

The safety instrumented function (SIF) is used to monitor a selected process parameter and takes an executive action to make…

Gunn Diode – Features, Operation & Applications

9 months ago

Features of a Gunn Diode A gunn diode is made up of only N-type semiconductor which is typically sandwiched between…

What is Calibration of the Sensor?

9 months ago

Calibration of the sensor is the relationship between the physical measurement variable input and the signal variable output for that…