Switchgear is basically equipment used switch ON or OFF generators, transmission lines, distributors and other equipment under both normal and abnormal conditions. Switchgear consists of switching and protecting devices such as switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays, and so forth. In other words switchgear can be defined as equipment used for switching, controlling and protecting the electrical circuits and apparatus.
Typically in a normal operation, the switchgear allows to switch ON or OFF transmission lines, generators, distributors and other electrical apparatus. But when a failure such as short circuit occurs on any part of power system, heavy current flows through the equipment that might cause damage to the equipment and as a result cause interruption of service to customers. In this case the switchgear detects the fault and disconnects the unhealthy segment of the system. In this manner, switchgear protects the system from damage and ensures continuity of supply.
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Any switchgear equipment should possess the following vital features:
Hazards associated with switchgear failure include fire, explosion and electric shock. Oil circuit breakers and fuse switches are some of the main causes of most accidents associated with switchgear. Additionally many accidents are caused by mechanical problems with auxiliary equipment such as isolators and from failure of routine and emergency operating procedures.
The causes of high-voltage switchgear failures include:
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